Obtains a character-state matrix from a nexml object
get_char_matrix(nex, otus_id = TRUE, states_as_labels = FALSE, verbose = FALSE)a nexml object
logical, default TRUE, return a column with the otus block id.
logical, default FALSE, when TRUE returns states as labels instead of symbols.
One can also use state_symbols2labels() to translate symbols to labels later.
logical, default FALSE, If TRUE, messages informing about steps is printed.
data.frame: The character-state matrix. The first column (taxa) contains taxon ids. The second column (otu) contains otu ids. When the otus_id parameter is TRUE the third column (otus) will contain otu block ids. The remaining columns are named for each anatomical label in the dataset and contain the associated state values.
get_char_matrix_meta() to retrieve metadata for a nexml object.
# applied to a (synthetic) Ontotrace matrix:
nex <- get_ontotrace_data(taxon = c("Ictalurus", "Ameiurus"), entity = "fin spine")
get_char_matrix(nex, otus_id = FALSE)
#> taxa otu anterior dentation of pectoral fin spine
#> 1 Ameiurus brunneus VTO_0036273 1
#> 2 Ameiurus catus VTO_0036275 1
#> 3 Ameiurus melas VTO_0036272 NA
#> 4 Ameiurus natalis VTO_0036274 NA
#> 5 Ameiurus nebulosus VTO_0036278 1
#> 6 Ameiurus platycephalus VTO_0036276 1
#> 7 Ameiurus serracanthus VTO_0036277 1
#> 8 Ictalurus australis VTO_0061495 1
#> 9 Ictalurus balsanus VTO_0036221 0
#> 10 Ictalurus dugesii VTO_0061497 NA
#> 11 Ictalurus furcatus VTO_0036223 0
#> 12 Ictalurus lupus VTO_0036220 1
#> 13 Ictalurus mexicanus VTO_0061498 NA
#> 14 Ictalurus pricei VTO_0036218 1
#> 15 Ictalurus punctatus VTO_0036225 1
#> anterior distal serration of pectoral fin spine
#> 1 1
#> 2 1
#> 3 0 and 1
#> 4 1
#> 5 1
#> 6 1
#> 7 1
#> 8 1
#> 9 0 and 1
#> 10 1
#> 11 1
#> 12 1
#> 13 1
#> 14 1
#> 15 1
# applied to a data matrix for a study
slist <- get_studies(taxon = "Ictalurus australis", entity = "fin spine")
nex <- get_study_data(slist$id[1])[[1]]
# for brevity show only 6 character data columns and first 5 rows
get_char_matrix(nex, otus_id = FALSE)[1:5,1:8]
#> taxa otu
#> 1 Ameiurus brunneus otu_331eacec-f62a-489b-aa97-01f88c469d4a
#> 2 Ameiurus catus otu_f0b4abb4-c4ca-4d99-b6d3-d069176eea82
#> 3 Ameiurus melas otu_5a3062f1-9803-4120-ae34-d2aa1ce02a75
#> 4 Ameiurus natalis otu_b92dfa0d-8c16-4228-815f-c418c6e92781
#> 5 Ameiurus nebulosus otu_31f42c8a-cd70-4bf4-994d-9bc483822ba7
#> Anal-fin rays, species mean count Anterior dentations of pectoral spine
#> 1 1 3
#> 2 2 2
#> 3 2 1
#> 4 3 1
#> 5 2 2
#> Anterior distal serrae of pectoral spine Anterior extent of sphenotic
#> 1 1 0
#> 2 2 0
#> 3 0 0
#> 4 2 0
#> 5 1 0
#> Anterior limb of fourth transverse process Anterior process of hyomandibular
#> 1 2 2
#> 2 1 2
#> 3 1 2
#> 4 0 2
#> 5 0 2
# same, but states as labels (this can take a while)
get_char_matrix(nex, otus_id = FALSE, states_as_labels = TRUE)
#> taxa otu
#> 1 Ameiurus brunneus otu_331eacec-f62a-489b-aa97-01f88c469d4a
#> 2 Ameiurus catus otu_f0b4abb4-c4ca-4d99-b6d3-d069176eea82
#> 3 Ameiurus melas otu_5a3062f1-9803-4120-ae34-d2aa1ce02a75
#> 4 Ameiurus natalis otu_b92dfa0d-8c16-4228-815f-c418c6e92781
#> 5 Ameiurus nebulosus otu_31f42c8a-cd70-4bf4-994d-9bc483822ba7
#> 6 Ameiurus platycephalus otu_aa535d43-f38d-435e-b7d5-3f413e7ad714
#> 7 Ameiurus serracanthus otu_6eff3beb-3ab5-4b2c-a104-4a5821fbb152
#> 8 Ictalurus australis otu_01d184a9-d779-42dd-b6bc-1764b04d4cb1
#> 9 Ictalurus balsanus otu_2b0b6c19-e51c-400f-b738-000d9d82a36f
#> 10 Ictalurus dugesii otu_0b52014d-f9df-4cc3-9694-48c0234c195b
#> 11 Ictalurus furcatus otu_8257dd55-8ed2-409f-b92a-cb9e609da7cb
#> 12 Ictalurus lupus otu_7359fcc3-edb3-4ed9-a236-c1e846b8a5f6
#> 13 Ictalurus mexicanus otu_3dde3e49-d73d-48bb-945b-fc97f2040cc0
#> 14 Ictalurus pricei otu_da138745-cedf-4cbc-8305-0e602518548c
#> 15 Ictalurus punctatus otu_0ac943f8-08df-4b21-ba82-cea20cff25cd
#> 16 Noturus flavus otu_3d644586-19a2-49d5-ab3c-673f483c362f
#> 17 Noturus insignis otu_dddcc44c-8c9a-40a7-a7b3-277ce9871593
#> 18 Noturus stigmosus otu_b2b0135f-ded2-4f4b-8e4e-1d015ad342e2
#> 19 Prietella phreatophila otu_40ea9c47-775f-4be1-80da-c4b7535ad5ce
#> 20 Pylodictis olivaris otu_f2bb7423-f928-4655-a602-5c2143f1c877
#> 21 Satan eurystomus otu_eeefeec8-36f7-4b66-9002-ca445fce493c
#> 22 Trogloglanis pattersoni otu_b42e7ffd-330e-4ea2-a099-fb59a0058857
#> Anal-fin rays, species mean count Anterior dentations of pectoral spine
#> 1 16.1-20 large
#> 2 20.1-25.5 moderate
#> 3 20.1-25.5 small
#> 4 25.6-28 small
#> 5 20.1-25.5 moderate
#> 6 20.1-25.5 large
#> 7 20.1-25.5 moderate
#> 8 28.1-30 moderate
#> 9 25.6-28 absent
#> 10 20.1-25.5 small
#> 11 >30 absent
#> 12 20.1-25.5 moderate
#> 13 20.1-25.5 small
#> 14 20.1-25.5 moderate
#> 15 28.1-30 moderate
#> 16 16.1-20 <NA>
#> 17 16.1-20 <NA>
#> 18 <16 very large
#> 19 <16 absent
#> 20 16.1-20 <NA>
#> 21 16.1-20 absent
#> 22 <16 absent
#> Anterior distal serrae of pectoral spine
#> 1 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 2 3-6 moderately sharp serrae
#> 3 absent or scarcely developed
#> 4 3-6 moderately sharp serrae
#> 5 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 6 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 7 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 8 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 9 absent or scarcely developed
#> 10 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 11 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 12 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 13 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 14 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 15 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 16 >6 sharp serrae over distal half of spine
#> 17 >6 sharp serrae over distal half of spine
#> 18 <3 moderately sharp serrae
#> 19 absent or scarcely developed
#> 20 very large, sharp serrae over most of spine
#> 21 absent or scarcely developed
#> 22 absent or scarcely developed
#> Anterior extent of sphenotic
#> 1 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 2 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 3 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 4 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 5 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 6 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 7 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 8 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 9 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 10 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 11 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 12 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 13 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 14 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 15 reaches or extends anterior to the level of anterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 16 does not reach anterior to the level of posterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 17 does not reach anterior to the level of posterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 18 does not reach anterior to the level of posterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 19 does not reach anterior to the level of posterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 20 does not reach anterior to the level of posterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 does not reach anterior to the level of posterior margin of epiphyseal bar
#> Anterior limb of fourth transverse process
#> 1 supracleithral facet shallow, basal recess shallow and broad
#> 2 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and broad
#> 3 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and broad
#> 4 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and narrow
#> 5 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and narrow
#> 6 supracleithral facet shallow, basal recess shallow and broad
#> 7 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and broad
#> 8 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and narrow
#> 9 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and narrow
#> 10 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and narrow
#> 11 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and narrow
#> 12 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and narrow
#> 13 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and narrow
#> 14 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and narrow
#> 15 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and narrow
#> 16 supracleithral facet shallow, basal recess shallow and broad
#> 17 supracleithral facet shallow, basal recess shallow and broad
#> 18 supracleithral facet shallow, basal recess shallow and broad
#> 19 supracleithral facet deep, basal recess deep and broad
#> 20 supracleithral facet shallow, basal recess shallow and broad
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 <NA>
#> Anterior process of hyomandibular Anterior ridge of pectoral spine
#> 1 flattened and anteriorly directed <NA>
#> 2 flattened and anteriorly directed present
#> 3 flattened and anteriorly directed <NA>
#> 4 flattened and anteriorly directed present
#> 5 flattened and anteriorly directed present
#> 6 flattened and anteriorly directed <NA>
#> 7 flattened and anteriorly directed absent
#> 8 flattened and anteriorly directed absent
#> 9 flattened and anteriorly directed present
#> 10 flattened and anteriorly directed present
#> 11 flattened and anteriorly directed absent
#> 12 flattened and anteriorly directed absent
#> 13 flattened and anteriorly directed absent
#> 14 flattened and anteriorly directed absent
#> 15 flattened and anteriorly directed absent
#> 16 slender and anterodorsally directed present
#> 17 slender and anterodorsally directed <NA>
#> 18 flattened and anterodorsally directed absent
#> 19 flattened and anterodorsally directed <NA>
#> 20 flattened and anterodorsally directed <NA>
#> 21 <NA> absent
#> 22 slender and anterodorsally directed absent
#> Anteroventral crest of dentary
#> 1 developed to symphysis
#> 2 developed to symphysis
#> 3 developed to symphysis
#> 4 <NA>
#> 5 developed to symphysis
#> 6 developed to symphysis
#> 7 developed to symphysis
#> 8 absent
#> 9 present below second and third sensory pores
#> 10 present below second and third sensory pores
#> 11 present below second and third sensory pores
#> 12 absent
#> 13 absent
#> 14 absent
#> 15 absent
#> 16 present below second and third sensory pores
#> 17 absent
#> 18 absent
#> 19 absent
#> 20 absent
#> 21 absent
#> 22 absent
#> Ascending wings of parasphenoid
#> 1 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 2 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 3 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 4 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 5 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 6 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 7 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 8 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 9 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 10 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 11 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 12 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 13 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 14 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 15 nearly horizontal below the trigeminofacialis foramen and along the pterosphenoid suture
#> 16 twisted vertically and medially along the pterosphenoid suturea
#> 17 twisted vertically and medially along the pterosphenoid suturea
#> 18 twisted vertically and medially along the pterosphenoid suturea
#> 19 twisted vertically and medially along the pterosphenoid suturea
#> 20 twisted vertically and medially along the pterosphenoid suturea
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 <NA>
#> Caudal fin Caudal vertebrae, species mean number
#> 1 scarcely emarginate to rounded 25.6-28.5
#> 2 forked with rounded lobes 25.6-28.5
#> 3 scarcely emarginate to rounded 24.0-25.5
#> 4 scarcely emarginate to rounded 25.6-28.5
#> 5 scarcely emarginate to rounded 25.6-28.5
#> 6 scarcely emarginate to rounded 25.6-28.5
#> 7 scarcely emarginate to rounded 25.6-28.5
#> 8 forked with pointed lobes 25.6-28.5
#> 9 forked with pointed lobes 25.6-28.5
#> 10 forked with pointed lobes 25.6-28.5
#> 11 forked with pointed lobes >30.0
#> 12 forked with pointed lobes 25.6-28.5
#> 13 forked with pointed lobes 25.6-28.5
#> 14 forked with pointed lobes 25.6-28.5
#> 15 forked with pointed lobes 28 .6- 30.0
#> 16 scarcely emarginate to rounded 25.6-28.5
#> 17 scarcely emarginate to rounded 25.6-28.5
#> 18 scarcely emarginate to rounded <23.9
#> 19 scarcely emarginate to rounded <23.9
#> 20 scarcely emarginate to rounded 25.6-28.5
#> 21 scarcely emarginate to rounded 24.0-25.5
#> 22 scarcely emarginate to rounded <23.9
#> Caudal-fin branched ray numbers
#> 1 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 2 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 3 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 4 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 5 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 6 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 7 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 8 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 9 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 10 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 11 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 12 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 13 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 14 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 15 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 16 variable of branched rays, total rays >55
#> 17 variable of branched rays, total rays >55
#> 18 variable number of branched rays, total rays <55
#> 19 13 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 20 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 21 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> 22 15 branched rays, total rays <55
#> Ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint
#> 1 synchondral
#> 2 synchondral
#> 3 synchondral
#> 4 synchondral
#> 5 synchondral
#> 6 synchondral
#> 7 synchondral
#> 8 synchondral
#> 9 synchondral
#> 10 synchondral
#> 11 synchondral
#> 12 synchondral
#> 13 synchondral
#> 14 synchondral
#> 15 synchondral
#> 16 synchondral
#> 17 synchondral
#> 18 synchondral
#> 19 synchondral
#> 20 mostly sutural
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 synchondral
#> Coracoid midline sutures, species mean count
#> 1 >7
#> 2 >7
#> 3 5.1-7
#> 4 5.1-7
#> 5 >7
#> 6 >7
#> 7 >7
#> 8 5.1-7
#> 9 5.1-7
#> 10 >7
#> 11 5.1-7
#> 12 5.1-7
#> 13 5.1-7
#> 14 5.1-7
#> 15 5.1-7
#> 16 5.1-7
#> 17 5.1-7
#> 18 >7
#> 19 5.1-7
#> 20 <5
#> 21 <5
#> 22 >7
#> Coronoid process
#> 1 high, posterior side abruptly inclined dorsad
#> 2 high, posterior side abruptly inclined dorsad
#> 3 high, posterior side abruptly inclined dorsad
#> 4 high, posterior side abruptly inclined dorsad
#> 5 high, posterior side abruptly inclined dorsad
#> 6 high, posterior side abruptly inclined dorsad
#> 7 high, posterior side abruptly inclined dorsad
#> 8 high, posterior side moderately steeply inclined dorsad
#> 9 high, posterior side moderately steeply inclined dorsad
#> 10 high, posterior side moderately steeply inclined dorsad
#> 11 high, posterior side moderately steeply inclined dorsad
#> 12 high, posterior side moderately steeply inclined dorsad
#> 13 high, posterior side moderately steeply inclined dorsad
#> 14 high, posterior side moderately steeply inclined dorsad
#> 15 high, posterior side moderately steeply inclined dorsad
#> 16 high, posterior side moderately steeply inclined dorsad
#> 17 high, posterior side moderately steeply inclined dorsad
#> 18 high, posterior side moderately steeply inclined dorsad
#> 19 low, posterior side gently inclined dorsad
#> 20 low, posterior side gently inclined dorsad
#> 21 low, posterior side gently inclined dorsad
#> 22 <NA>
#> Crest on hyomandibular for A2 bundle of jaw adductor muscle
#> 1 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 2 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 3 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 4 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 5 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 6 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 7 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 8 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 9 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 10 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 11 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 12 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 13 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 14 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 15 at or above level of opercular facet
#> 16 below level of opercular facet
#> 17 below level of opercular facet
#> 18 below level of opercular facet
#> 19 below level of opercular facet
#> 20 below level of opercular facet
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 at or above level of opercular facet
#> Crest on hyomandibular for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 1 long , sharp crest
#> 2 long , sharp crest
#> 3 long , sharp crest
#> 4 long, blunt crest
#> 5 long , sharp crest
#> 6 long , sharp crest
#> 7 long , sharp crest
#> 8 long , sharp crest
#> 9 short, rounded ridge
#> 10 long , sharp crest
#> 11 short, rounded ridge
#> 12 long , sharp crest
#> 13 long , sharp crest
#> 14 long , sharp crest
#> 15 long, blunt crest
#> 16 long , sharp crest
#> 17 long , sharp crest
#> 18 long , sharp crest
#> 19 short, rounded ridge
#> 20 long, sharp crest extending onto metapterygoid
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 long, blunt crest
#> Crest on hyomandibular for levator operculi muscle
#> 1 small
#> 2 small
#> 3 small
#> 4 small
#> 5 small
#> 6 small
#> 7 small
#> 8 large
#> 9 large
#> 10 large
#> 11 large
#> 12 large
#> 13 large
#> 14 large
#> 15 large
#> 16 small
#> 17 small
#> 18 small
#> 19 absent
#> 20 absent
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 absent
#> Cross-sectional form of skull (juveniles and young adults)
#> 1 flattened
#> 2 moderately arched
#> 3 moderately arched
#> 4 moderately arched
#> 5 moderately arched
#> 6 flattened
#> 7 moderately arched
#> 8 arched
#> 9 arched
#> 10 arched
#> 11 arched
#> 12 arched
#> 13 arched
#> 14 arched
#> 15 arched
#> 16 flattened
#> 17 flattened
#> 18 moderately arched
#> 19 moderately arched
#> 20 flattened
#> 21 flattened
#> 22 arched
#> Depth of Weberian complex
#> 1 shallow
#> 2 intermediate
#> 3 intermediate
#> 4 intermediate
#> 5 intermediate
#> 6 shallow
#> 7 intermediate
#> 8 intermediate
#> 9 intermediate
#> 10 intermediate
#> 11 deep
#> 12 intermediate
#> 13 intermediate
#> 14 intermediate
#> 15 intermediate
#> 16 shallow
#> 17 shallow
#> 18 shallow
#> 19 shallow
#> 20 shallow
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 intermediate
#> Development of superficial ossification
#> 1 well developed, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 2 well developed, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 3 well developed, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 4 well developed, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 5 well developed, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 6 well developed, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 7 well developed, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 8 well developed, extending onto sixth centrum, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 9 well developed, extending onto sixth centrum, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 10 well developed, extending onto sixth centrum, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 11 well developed, extending onto sixth centrum, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 12 well developed, extending onto sixth centrum, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 13 well developed, extending onto sixth centrum, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 14 well developed, extending onto sixth centrum, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 15 well developed, extending onto sixth centrum, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 16 well developed, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 17 well developed, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 18 well developed, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 19 scarcely developed, fifth and complex centra weakly sutured
#> 20 well developed, fifth and complex centra strongly sutured
#> 21 scarcely developed, fifth and complex centra weakly sutured
#> 22 scarcely developed, fifth and complex centra weakly sutured
#> Dorsal edge of ceratohyal Dorsal hypohyal Dorsal pits on first centrum
#> 1 high keel well developed present
#> 2 high keel well developed present
#> 3 high keel well developed present
#> 4 high keel well developed present
#> 5 high keel well developed present
#> 6 high keel well developed present
#> 7 high keel well developed present
#> 8 sharp crest well developed present
#> 9 sharp crest well developed present
#> 10 sharp crest well developed present
#> 11 sharp crest well developed present
#> 12 sharp crest well developed present
#> 13 sharp crest well developed present
#> 14 sharp crest well developed present
#> 15 sharp crest well developed present
#> 16 sharp crest well developed present
#> 17 sharp crest well developed present
#> 18 sharp crest small to absent present
#> 19 sharp crest well developed present
#> 20 rounded well developed absent
#> 21 <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 22 sharp crest well developed <NA>
#> Dorsal-fin spine development
#> 1 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 2 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 3 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 4 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 5 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 6 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 7 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 8 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 9 weakly ossified, sharp, longer than pectoral spine 0110
#> 10 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 11 heavily ossified, sharp, longer than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,1,0,0
#> 12 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 13 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 14 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 15 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 16 heavily ossified, sharp, much shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 17 heavily ossified, sharp, much shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 18 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 19 weakly ossified, segmented distally. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,1
#> 20 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 21 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 22 heavily ossified, sharp, a little shorter than pectoral spine. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> Endopterygoid size Epihyal shape Epihyal-ceratohyal joint
#> 1 large triangular mostly synchondral
#> 2 large triangular mostly synchondral
#> 3 moderate triangular mostly synchondral
#> 4 large triangular mostly synchondral
#> 5 moderate triangular mostly synchondral
#> 6 large triangular mostly synchondral
#> 7 large triangular mostly synchondral
#> 8 small triangular mostly synchondral
#> 9 small triangular mostly synchondral
#> 10 small triangular mostly synchondral
#> 11 small triangular mostly synchondral
#> 12 small triangular mostly synchondral
#> 13 small triangular mostly synchondral
#> 14 small triangular mostly synchondral
#> 15 small triangular mostly synchondral
#> 16 small triangular mostly sutural
#> 17 small triangular mostly sutural
#> 18 small triangular mostly synchondral
#> 19 absent triangular mostly synchondral
#> 20 large ventral edge expanded, convex mostly sutural
#> 21 <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 22 absent triangular mostly synchondral
#> Extensor muscle fossa on coracoid
#> 1 broad and shallow, posterior edge not upturned
#> 2 broad and shallow, posterior edge not upturned
#> 3 narrow and shallow, posterior not upturned
#> 4 broad and shallow, posterior edge not upturned
#> 5 narrow and shallow, posterior not upturned
#> 6 broad and shallow, posterior edge not upturned
#> 7 broad and shallow, posterior edge not upturned
#> 8 narrow and deep, posterior edge sharply upturned
#> 9 narrow and deep, posterior edge sharply upturned
#> 10 narrow and deep, posterior edge sharply upturned
#> 11 narrow and deep, posterior edge sharply upturned
#> 12 narrow and deep, posterior edge sharply upturned
#> 13 narrow and deep, posterior edge sharply upturned
#> 14 narrow and deep, posterior edge sharply upturned
#> 15 narrow and deep, posterior edge sharply upturned
#> 16 broad and shallow, posterior edge not upturned
#> 17 broad and shallow, posterior edge not upturned
#> 18 narrow and deep, posterior edge sharply upturned
#> 19 broad and shallow, posterior edge not upturned
#> 20 broad and shallow, posterior edge not upturned
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 broad and shallow, posterior edge not upturned
#> External foramen of facial nerve canal through hyomandibular
#> 1 partly superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0
#> 2 completely superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and opening ususally bridged by broad bony lamina. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1,0,0,0
#> 3 partly superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0
#> 4 separate from mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0
#> 5 partly superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0
#> 6 partly superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0
#> 7 partly superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0
#> 8 completely superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0
#> 9 completely superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0
#> 10 completely superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0
#> 11 completely superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0
#> 12 completely superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0
#> 13 completely superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0
#> 14 completely superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0
#> 15 completely superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and constricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,1
#> 16 partly superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0
#> 17 separate from mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0
#> 18 separate from mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0
#> 19 separate from mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0
#> 20 completely superimposed on mandibular nerve foramen and opening bridged by broad bony lamina. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1,1,0,0
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 separate from mandibular nerve foramen and unconstricted. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0
#> Extrascapular bone composition
#> 1 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 2 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 3 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 4 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 5 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 6 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 7 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 8 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 9 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 10 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 11 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 12 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 13 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 14 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 15 laterosensory and laminar parts separated. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1
#> 16 laminar part absent: In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0
#> 17 laminar part absent: In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0
#> 18 laminar part absent: In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0
#> 19 laminar part absent: In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0
#> 20 complete. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 laterosensory part absent. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,1
#> First mandibular sensory pore and tube
#> 1 remote from symphysis
#> 2 remote from symphysis
#> 3 remote from symphysis
#> 4 close to symphysis
#> 5 remote from symphysis
#> 6 remote from symphysis
#> 7 remote from symphysis
#> 8 remote from symphysis
#> 9 remote from symphysis
#> 10 remote from symphysis
#> 11 remote from symphysis
#> 12 remote from symphysis
#> 13 remote from symphysis
#> 14 remote from symphysis
#> 15 remote from symphysis
#> 16 close to symphysis
#> 17 close to symphysis
#> 18 close to symphysis
#> 19 close to symphysis
#> 20 close to symphysis and tubes opening into single common pore
#> 21 close to symphysis and tubes opening into single common pore
#> 22 remote from symphysis
#> Gas bladder Gill membranes
#> 1 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 2 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 3 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 4 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 5 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 6 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 7 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 8 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 9 anterior and posterior chamber divergent
#> 10 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 11 anterior and posterior chamber divergent
#> 12 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 13 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 14 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 15 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 16 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 17 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 18 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 19 anterior chamber only divergent
#> 20 anterior chamber only overlapping
#> 21 absent overlapping
#> 22 absent divergent
#> Hyomandibular (otic region joint) shape Hyomandibular-metapterygoid joint
#> 1 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> 2 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> 3 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> 4 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> 5 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> 6 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> 7 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> 8 short, cranial facet less than twice depth short
#> 9 short, cranial facet less than twice depth short
#> 10 short, cranial facet less than twice depth short
#> 11 short, cranial facet less than twice depth short
#> 12 short, cranial facet less than twice depth short
#> 13 short, cranial facet less than twice depth short
#> 14 short, cranial facet less than twice depth short
#> 15 short, cranial facet less than twice depth short
#> 16 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> 17 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> 18 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> 19 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> 20 elongate, cranial facet twice depth long
#> 21 <NA> <NA>
#> 22 short, cranial facet less than twice depth long
#> Hyomandibular-quadrate joint
#> 1 sutural
#> 2 sutural
#> 3 sutural
#> 4 sutural
#> 5 sutural
#> 6 sutural
#> 7 sutural
#> 8 synchondral
#> 9 synchondral
#> 10 synchondral
#> 11 synchondral
#> 12 synchondral
#> 13 synchondral
#> 14 synchondral
#> 15 synchondral
#> 16 sutural
#> 17 sutural
#> 18 sutural
#> 19 sutural
#> 20 sutural
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 synchondral
#> Hypurals
#> 1 six separate elements
#> 2 six separate elements
#> 3 six separate elements
#> 4 six separate elements
#> 5 six separate elements
#> 6 six separate elements
#> 7 six separate elements
#> 8 six separate elements
#> 9 six separate elements
#> 10 six separate elements
#> 11 six separate elements
#> 12 six separate elements
#> 13 six separate elements
#> 14 six separate elements
#> 15 six separate elements
#> 16 five elements, fusion variable
#> 17 six separate elements
#> 18 five elements, fusion variable
#> 19 parhypural, first and second fused, third-fifth fused
#> 20 six separate elements
#> 21 parhypural, first and second fused, third-fifth fused
#> 22 first and second fused , third -fifth fused
#> Hypurapophysis Infraorbital bones Interopercle shape
#> 1 well developed seven triangular
#> 2 well developed seven triangular
#> 3 well developed seven triangular
#> 4 well developed seven triangular
#> 5 well developed seven triangular
#> 6 well developed seven triangular
#> 7 well developed seven triangular
#> 8 well developed variably six or seven expanded posteroventrally
#> 9 well developed variably six or seven expanded posteroventrally
#> 10 well developed variably six or seven expanded posteroventrally
#> 11 well developed variably six or seven expanded posteroventrally
#> 12 well developed variably six or seven expanded posteroventrally
#> 13 well developed variably six or seven expanded posteroventrally
#> 14 well developed variably six or seven expanded posteroventrally
#> 15 well developed variably six or seven expanded posteroventrally
#> 16 weakly developed to absent seven triangular
#> 17 weakly developed to absent seven triangular
#> 18 weakly developed to absent seven triangular
#> 19 well developed six triangular
#> 20 well developed seven elongated
#> 21 <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 22 weakly developed to absent six expanded posteroventrally
#> Jaw adductor muscle attachment surface on preopercle
#> 1 concave, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 2 concave, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 3 concave, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 4 concave, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 5 concave, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 6 concave, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 7 concave, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 8 flattened, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 9 flattened, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 10 flattened, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 11 flattened, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 12 flattened, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 13 flattened, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 14 flattened, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 15 flattened, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 16 concave, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 17 concave, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 18 concave, expanded behind sensory canal
#> 19 flattened, not expanded behind sensory canal
#> 20 flattened, not expanded behind sensory canal
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 flattened, not expanded behind sensory canal
#> Jaw adductor musculature-A3 layer
#> 1 completely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus adductor tentaculi
#> 2 completely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus adductor tentaculi
#> 3 completely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus adductor tentaculi
#> 4 completely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus adductor tentaculi
#> 5 completely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus adductor tentaculi
#> 6 completely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus adductor tentaculi
#> 7 completely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus adductor tentaculi
#> 8 incompletely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus incipient adductor tentaculi
#> 9 incompletely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus incipient adductor tentaculi
#> 10 completely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus adductor tentaculi
#> 11 incompletely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus incipient adductor tentaculi
#> 12 completely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus adductor tentaculi
#> 13 incompletely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus incipient adductor tentaculi
#> 14 incompletely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus incipient adductor tentaculi
#> 15 incompletely subdivided twice to form two jaw adductor bundles plus incipient adductor tentaculi
#> 16 subdivided once to form two dentary adductor bundles
#> 17 subdivided once to form two dentary adductor bundles
#> 18 subdivided once to form two dentary adductor bundles
#> 19 <NA>
#> 20 not subdivided
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 <NA>
#> Jaw teeth-shape and size gradation
#> 1 scarcely curved, strong anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 2 scarcely curved, slight anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 3 scarcely curved, slight anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 4 scarcely curved, slight anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 5 scarcely curved, slight anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 6 scarcely curved, slight anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 7 scarcely curved, slight anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 8 scarcely curved, moderate anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 9 scarcely curved, moderate anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 10 scarcely curved, moderate anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 11 scarcely curved, moderate anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 12 scarcely curved, moderate anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 13 scarcely curved, moderate anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 14 scarcely curved, moderate anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 15 scarcely curved, moderate anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 16 scarcely curved, slight anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 17 scarcely curved, slight anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 18 scarcely curved, slight anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 19 scarcely curved, slight anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 20 strongly curved, moderate anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 21 scarcely curved, slight anteroposterior gradation in size
#> 22 <NA>
#> Lateral ethmoid wing
#> 1 long, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> 2 long, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> 3 short, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> 4 short, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> 5 short, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> 6 long, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> 7 long, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> 8 long, ventrally curved, no anterior flange
#> 9 long, ventrally curved, no anterior flange
#> 10 long, ventrally curved, no anterior flange
#> 11 long, ventrally curved, no anterior flange
#> 12 long, ventrally curved, no anterior flange
#> 13 long, ventrally curved, no anterior flange
#> 14 long, ventrally curved, no anterior flange
#> 15 long, ventrally curved, no anterior flange
#> 16 short, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> 17 short, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> 18 short, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> 19 short, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> 20 short, nearly horizontal, an anterior flange above palatine condyle
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 short, nearly horizontal, no anterior flange
#> Lateral line extent
#> 1 to hypurals
#> 2 to hypurals
#> 3 not reaching caudal skeleton
#> 4 not reaching caudal skeleton
#> 5 not reaching caudal skeleton
#> 6 to hypurals
#> 7 to hypurals
#> 8 to base of caudal-fin rays
#> 9 to base of caudal-fin rays
#> 10 to base of caudal-fin rays
#> 11 to base of caudal-fin rays
#> 12 to base of caudal-fin rays
#> 13 to base of caudal-fin rays
#> 14 to base of caudal-fin rays
#> 15 to base of caudal-fin rays
#> 16 to hypurals
#> 17 not reaching caudal skeleton
#> 18 not reaching caudal skeleton
#> 19 <NA>
#> 20 to base of caudal-fin rays
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 not reaching caudal skeleton
#> Lateral process of premaxilla
#> 1 very short, toothed, with lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0,0
#> 2 very short, edentulous, lacking lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0,0
#> 3 very short, edentulous, lacking lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0,0
#> 4 very short, edentulous, lacking lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0,0
#> 5 very short, edentulous, lacking lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0,0
#> 6 very short, edentulous, lacking lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0,0
#> 7 very short, edentulous, lacking lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0,0
#> 8 very short, toothed, with lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0,0
#> 9 moderately long, toothed, with lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,1,0
#> 10 very short, toothed, with lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0,0
#> 11 very short, toothed, with lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0,0
#> 12 very short, toothed, with lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0,0
#> 13 very short, toothed, with lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0,0
#> 14 very short, toothed, with lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0,0
#> 15 very short, toothed, with lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,0,0
#> 16 long, toothed, lacking lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1,1,0,0,0
#> 17 moderate length, edentulous or partly toothed, lacking lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1,0,0,0,0
#> 18 moderate length, edentulous or partly toothed, lacking lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1,0,0,0,0
#> 19 no process. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0,0
#> 20 very long, toothed, with lateral shelf. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,1,1,1
#> 21 no process. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0,0
#> 22 no process. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0,0
#> Length of cleithral symphysis Length of posterior cleithral process
#> 1 short intermediate
#> 2 intermediate intermediate
#> 3 long short
#> 4 intermediate short
#> 5 exceptionally long short
#> 6 intermediate short
#> 7 short intermediate
#> 8 short long
#> 9 short intermediate
#> 10 short long
#> 11 short long
#> 12 short intermediate
#> 13 short long
#> 14 short long
#> 15 short long
#> 16 short scarcely developed
#> 17 short scarcely developed
#> 18 short scarcely developed
#> 19 short scarcely developed
#> 20 short scarcely developed
#> 21 <NA> scarcely developed
#> 22 short scarcely developed
#> Mandible length Mandibular sensory canal pores, species modes
#> 1 long six
#> 2 long six
#> 3 intermediate six
#> 4 intermediate six
#> 5 intermediate six
#> 6 long six
#> 7 long six
#> 8 short six
#> 9 short six
#> 10 short six
#> 11 short six
#> 12 intermediate six
#> 13 short six
#> 14 short six
#> 15 short six
#> 16 long seven
#> 17 long seven
#> 18 long seven
#> 19 <NA> six
#> 20 intermediate eight
#> 21 <NA> eight
#> 22 short seven
#> Mandibular symphyseal ventral process
#> 1 absent
#> 2 absent
#> 3 absent
#> 4 absent
#> 5 absent
#> 6 absent
#> 7 absent
#> 8 absent
#> 9 absent
#> 10 absent
#> 11 absent
#> 12 absent
#> 13 absent
#> 14 absent
#> 15 absent
#> 16 absent
#> 17 absent
#> 18 absent
#> 19 absent
#> 20 present
#> 21 absent
#> 22 absent
#> Mesethmoid cornua Mesial process of premaxilla
#> 1 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 2 deeply forked and with mesial processes variably present
#> 3 deeply forked and without mesial processes variably present
#> 4 deeply forked and with mesial processes always present
#> 5 deeply forked and with mesial processes variably present
#> 6 deeply forked and with mesial processes variably present
#> 7 deeply forked and with mesial processes variably present
#> 8 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 9 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 10 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 11 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 12 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 13 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 14 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 15 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 16 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 17 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 18 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 19 deeply forked and with mesial processes absent
#> 20 shallowly forked and without mesial processes absent
#> 21 shallowly forked and without mesial processes absent
#> 22 shallowly forked and without mesial processes absent
#> Metapterygoid form
#> 1 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 2 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 3 ventral edge nearly straight, anterior process obsolete, dorsal edge straight. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,1,1
#> 4 ventral edge nearly straight, anterior process small, dorsal edge straight. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,1,0
#> 5 ventral edge nearly straight, anterior process obsolete, dorsal edge straight. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,1,1
#> 6 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 7 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 8 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 9 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 10 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 11 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 12 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 13 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 14 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 15 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 16 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 17 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 18 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 19 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> 20 ventral edge scarcely curved and short, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge straight. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,1,0,0
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 ventral edge strongly curved, anterior process prominent, dorsal edge scarcely convex. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> Middle Nuchal plate of first dorsal-fin pterygiophore
#> 1 well developed with stout posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons not visible from above
#> 2 well developed with stout posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons not visible from above
#> 3 well developed with stout posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons not visible from above
#> 4 slightly reduced with slender posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons usually visible from above
#> 5 well developed with stout posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons not visible from above
#> 6 well developed with stout posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons not visible from above
#> 7 well developed with stout posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons not visible from above
#> 8 well developed with stout posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons not visible from above
#> 9 slightly reduced with slender posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons usually visible from above
#> 10 well developed with stout posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons not visible from above
#> 11 well developed with stout posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons not visible from above
#> 12 slightly reduced with slender posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons usually visible from above
#> 13 slightly reduced with slender posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons usually visible from above
#> 14 slightly reduced with slender posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons usually visible from above
#> 15 well developed with stout posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons not visible from above
#> 16 reduced with slender posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons never covered by bone above
#> 17 reduced with slender posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons never covered by bone above
#> 18 slightly reduced with slender posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons usually visible from above
#> 19 greatly reduced with no posterior limbs or foramina for spine tendons
#> 20 slightly reduced with slender posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons usually visible from above
#> 21 slightly reduced with slender posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons usually visible from above
#> 22 well developed with stout posterior limbs, foramina for spine tendons not visible from above
#> Muscle crests on margin of frontal
#> 1 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 2 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, trough for levator arcus palatini muscle reaches anteriorly to lateral ethmoid
#> 3 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 4 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, trough for levator arcus palatini muscle reaches anteriorly to lateral ethmoid
#> 5 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 6 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 7 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 8 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 9 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 10 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 11 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 12 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 13 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 14 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 15 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 16 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 17 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 18 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 19 adductor mandibulae crest anterior to level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 20 adductor mandibulae crest at level of epiphyseal bar, not subtended by a trough for levator arcus palatini muscle
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 <NA>
#> Nasal shape Neural complex = supraneural 3
#> 1 wide, tubular absent
#> 2 wide, tubular absent
#> 3 wide, flattened absent
#> 4 wide, flattened absent
#> 5 wide, flattened absent
#> 6 wide, tubular absent
#> 7 wide, tubular absent
#> 8 narrow, tubular absent
#> 9 narrow, tubular absent
#> 10 narrow, tubular absent
#> 11 narrow, tubular small
#> 12 narrow, tubular absent
#> 13 narrow, tubular absent
#> 14 narrow, tubular absent
#> 15 narrow, tubular absent
#> 16 wide, tubular absent
#> 17 wide, tubular absent
#> 18 wide, tubular absent
#> 19 wide, tubular absent
#> 20 wide, flattened large
#> 21 wide, flattened <NA>
#> 22 narrow, tubular absent
#> Neurocranial width at epiphyseal bar
#> 1 intermediate
#> 2 broad
#> 3 intermediate
#> 4 narrow
#> 5 intermediate
#> 6 intermediate
#> 7 intermediate
#> 8 intermediate
#> 9 intermediate
#> 10 intermediate
#> 11 intermediate
#> 12 narrow
#> 13 intermediate
#> 14 intermediate
#> 15 intermediate
#> 16 narrow
#> 17 narrow
#> 18 narrow
#> 19 narrow
#> 20 narrow
#> 21 narrow
#> 22 narrow
#> Opercle shape
#> 1 narrow, dorsal and anterior edges meet at ca. 100° angle
#> 2 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 3 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 4 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 5 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 6 narrow, dorsal and anterior edges meet at ca. 100° angle
#> 7 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 8 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 9 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 10 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 11 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 12 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 13 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 14 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 15 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 16 very narrow, dorsal and anterior edges meet at ca. 100° angle
#> 17 very narrow, dorsal and anterior edges meet at ca. 100° angle
#> 18 very narrow, dorsal and anterior edges meet at ca. 100° angle
#> 19 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> 20 broad, dorsal edge deeply concave
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 moderately broad, dorsal and anterior edges meet at 90° angle
#> Opercular facet position on posterior edge of hyomandibular
#> 1 below midpoint
#> 2 at or near midpoint
#> 3 at or near midpoint
#> 4 at or near midpoint
#> 5 at or near midpoint
#> 6 below midpoint
#> 7 at or near midpoint
#> 8 at or near midpoint
#> 9 at or near midpoint
#> 10 at or near midpoint
#> 11 at or near midpoint
#> 12 at or near midpoint
#> 13 at or near midpoint
#> 14 at or near midpoint
#> 15 at or near midpoint
#> 16 at or near midpoint
#> 17 at or near midpoint
#> 18 at or near midpoint
#> 19 at or near midpoint
#> 20 above midpoint
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 above midpoint
#> Optic foramen Orbital foramen
#> 1 very small on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 2 very small on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 3 very small on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 4 very small on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 5 very small on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 6 very small on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 7 very small on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 8 very large on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 9 very large on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 10 very large on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 11 very large on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 12 very large on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 13 very large on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 14 very large on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 15 very large on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 16 very small in the lateral ethmoid wing
#> 17 very small in the lateral ethmoid wing
#> 18 very small in the lateral ethmoid wing
#> 19 very small <NA>
#> 20 small and subdivided on or near lateral ethmoid-frontal suture
#> 21 <NA> <NA>
#> 22 <NA> <NA>
#> Orbital rim Orbitosphenoid shelves
#> 1 free broad
#> 2 free broad
#> 3 free broad
#> 4 free broad
#> 5 free broad
#> 6 free broad
#> 7 free broad
#> 8 free small or absent
#> 9 free small or absent
#> 10 free small or absent
#> 11 free intermediate
#> 12 free small or absent
#> 13 free small or absent
#> 14 free small or absent
#> 15 free small or absent
#> 16 united to cornea, eye subcutaneous small or absent
#> 17 united to cornea, eye subcutaneous small or absent
#> 18 united to cornea, eye subcutaneous small or absent
#> 19 <NA> small or absent
#> 20 free small or absent
#> 21 <NA> <NA>
#> 22 <NA> intermediate
#> Ornamentation pattern on posterior cleithral process Palatine length
#> 1 ridges lacking, fine tubercles throughout intermediate
#> 2 ridges lacking, well developed coarse tubercles throughout intermediate
#> 3 subparallel ridges, occasional tubercles on base long
#> 4 few ridges, tubercles on base and ventral edge long
#> 5 few ridges, tubercles on base and ventral edge long
#> 6 ridges lacking, fine tubercles throughout intermediate
#> 7 ridges lacking, fine tubercles throughout intermediate
#> 8 few ridges, tubercles on base and ventral edge short
#> 9 subparallel ridges, no tubercles short
#> 10 few ridges, tubercles on base and ventral edge short
#> 11 subparallel ridges, no tubercles short
#> 12 ridges lacking, fine tubercles throughout short
#> 13 few ridges, tubercles on base and ventral edge short
#> 14 few ridges, tubercles on base and ventral edge short
#> 15 few ridges, tubercles on base and ventral edge short
#> 16 subparallel ridges, no tubercles short
#> 17 subparallel ridges, no tubercles short
#> 18 subparallel ridges, no tubercles short
#> 19 subparallel ridges, no tubercles <NA>
#> 20 subparallel ridges, no tubercles intermediate
#> 21 subparallel ridges, no tubercles <NA>
#> 22 subparallel ridges, no tubercles <NA>
#> Parasphenoid stem
#> 1 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 2 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 3 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 4 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 5 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 6 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 7 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 8 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 9 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 10 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 11 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 12 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 13 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 14 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 15 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> 16 scarcely tapered posteriorly and about equal in width to orbitosphenoid
#> 17 scarcely tapered posteriorly and about equal in width to orbitosphenoid
#> 18 scarcely tapered posteriorly and about equal in width to orbitosphenoid
#> 19 scarcely tapered posteriorly and about equal in width to orbitosphenoid
#> 20 scarcely tapered posteriorly and much broader than orbitosphenoid
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 tapered posteriorly and narrower than orbitosphenoid
#> Pectoral spine late ontogeny
#> 1 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 2 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 3 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 4 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 5 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 6 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 7 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 8 marked reduction in dentation size plus distal flattening and blunting
#> 9 marked reduction in dentation size plus distal flattening and blunting
#> 10 marked reduction in dentation size plus distal flattening and blunting
#> 11 marked reduction in dentation size plus distal flattening and blunting
#> 12 marked reduction in dentation size plus distal flattening and blunting
#> 13 marked reduction in dentation size plus distal flattening and blunting
#> 14 marked reduction in dentation size plus distal flattening and blunting
#> 15 marked reduction in dentation size plus distal flattening and blunting
#> 16 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 17 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 18 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 19 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 20 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 21 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> 22 slight reduction in dentation size and sharpness of tip
#> Pectoral spine tip Pectoral-fin radials
#> 1 sharp not fused
#> 2 sharp not fused
#> 3 sharp not fused
#> 4 sharp not fused
#> 5 sharp not fused
#> 6 sharp not fused
#> 7 sharp not fused
#> 8 sharp not fused
#> 9 sharp not fused
#> 10 sharp not fused
#> 11 sharp not fused
#> 12 sharp not fused
#> 13 sharp not fused
#> 14 sharp not fused
#> 15 sharp not fused
#> 16 sharp not fused
#> 17 sharp fully fused
#> 18 sharp partially or variably fused
#> 19 blunt or truncated partially or variably fused
#> 20 blunt or truncated not fused
#> 21 sharp <NA>
#> 22 sharp not fused
#> Pectoral-fin soft rays, species modal count Pelvic splint
#> 1 10 present
#> 2 9 present
#> 3 9 present
#> 4 8 present
#> 5 9 present
#> 6 10 present
#> 7 9 present
#> 8 9 present
#> 9 11 present
#> 10 9 present
#> 11 10 present
#> 12 9 present
#> 13 9 present
#> 14 10 present
#> 15 9 present
#> 16 10 reduced or absent
#> 17 9 reduced or absent
#> 18 9 reduced or absent
#> 19 9 reduced or absent
#> 20 11 present
#> 21 10 <NA>
#> 22 9 reduced or absent
#> Pelvic-fin rays, species modal counts Posterior cranial fontanelle (adults)
#> 1 8 closed
#> 2 8 broadly open
#> 3 8 narrowly open
#> 4 8 closed
#> 5 8 narrowly open
#> 6 8 closed
#> 7 8 narrowly open
#> 8 8 narrowly open
#> 9 8 narrowly open
#> 10 8 narrowly open
#> 11 8 narrowly open
#> 12 8 narrowly open
#> 13 8 narrowly open
#> 14 8 narrowly open
#> 15 8 narrowly open
#> 16 9 closed
#> 17 9 narrowly open
#> 18 9 narrowly open
#> 19 8 broadly open
#> 20 bimodal 9-10 closed
#> 21 bimodal 9-10 <NA>
#> 22 8 narrowly open
#> Posterior dentation bases
#> 1 most dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 2 many proximal dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 3 few proximal dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 4 many proximal dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 5 most dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 6 most dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 7 most dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 8 most dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 9 few proximal dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 10 few proximal dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 11 many proximal dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 12 most dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 13 most dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 14 most dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 15 most dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 16 dentation halves arise equally from dorsal and ventral halves of spine shaft
#> 17 most dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 18 <NA>
#> 19 dentation halves arise equally from dorsal and ventral halves of spine shaft
#> 20 <NA>
#> 21 many proximal dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> 22 most dentations arise only from dorsal half of spine shaft
#> Posterior dentation shape
#> 1 <NA>
#> 2 dentation halves often misaligned, tips multifid, regularly spaced distally, retrorse
#> 3 dentation halves often misaligned, tips multifid, regularly spaced distally, retrorse
#> 4 dentation halves misaligned, tips multifid, erect
#> 5 dentation halves often misaligned, tips multifid, regularly spaced distally, retrorse
#> 6 <NA>
#> 7 dentation halves often misaligned, tips multifid, regularly spaced distally, retrorse
#> 8 dentation halves aligned, regularly spaced, retrorse
#> 9 dentation halves aligned, regularly spaced, retrorse
#> 10 dentation halves aligned, regularly spaced, retrorse
#> 11 dentation halves aligned, regularly spaced, retrorse
#> 12 dentation halves aligned, regularly spaced, retrorse
#> 13 dentation halves aligned, regularly spaced, retrorse
#> 14 dentation halves aligned, regularly spaced, retrorse
#> 15 dentation halves aligned, regularly spaced, retrorse
#> 16 dentation halves aligned, regularly spaced, retrorse
#> 17 <NA>
#> 18 dentation halves aligned, regularly spaced, retrorse
#> 19 dentation halves aligned, regularly spaced, retrorse
#> 20 dentation halves misaligned, tips multifid, erect
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 <NA>
#> Posterior end of adductor arcus palatini scar on parasphenoid
#> 1 turned dorsally
#> 2 turned dorsally
#> 3 turned dorsally
#> 4 turned dorsally
#> 5 turned dorsally
#> 6 turned dorsally
#> 7 turned dorsally
#> 8 turned dorsally
#> 9 turned dorsally
#> 10 turned dorsally
#> 11 turned dorsally
#> 12 turned dorsally
#> 13 turned dorsally
#> 14 turned dorsally
#> 15 turned dorsally
#> 16 horizontal, in line with parasphenoid stem
#> 17 horizontal, in line with parasphenoid stem
#> 18 horizontal, in line with parasphenoid stem
#> 19 horizontal, in line with parasphenoid stem
#> 20 turned dorsally
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 <NA>
#> Posterior flap of adipose fin
#> 1 free from back and caudal fin
#> 2 free from back and caudal fin
#> 3 free from back and caudal fin
#> 4 free from back and caudal fin
#> 5 free from back and caudal fin
#> 6 free from back and caudal fin
#> 7 free from back and caudal fin
#> 8 free from back and caudal fin
#> 9 free from back and caudal fin
#> 10 free from back and caudal fin
#> 11 free from back and caudal fin
#> 12 free from back and caudal fin
#> 13 free from back and caudal fin
#> 14 free from back and caudal fin
#> 15 free from back and caudal fin
#> 16 adnate to back and broadly joined to caudal fin
#> 17 adnate to back and broadly joined to caudal fin
#> 18 adnate to back and partly joined to caudal fin
#> 19 adnate to back and broadly joined to caudal fin
#> 20 free from back and caudal fin
#> 21 adnate to back and partly joined to caudal fin
#> 22 adnate to back and partly joined to caudal fin
#> Posterior process of articular
#> 1 small
#> 2 small
#> 3 small
#> 4 small
#> 5 small
#> 6 small
#> 7 small
#> 8 small
#> 9 small
#> 10 small
#> 11 small
#> 12 small
#> 13 small
#> 14 small
#> 15 small
#> 16 small
#> 17 small
#> 18 small
#> 19 small
#> 20 enlarged
#> 21 enlarged
#> 22 small
#> Posterolateral process of basipterygium
#> 1 prominent, not joined to anterolateral process
#> 2 prominent, not joined to anterolateral process
#> 3 prominent, not joined to anterolateral process
#> 4 prominent, not joined to anterolateral process
#> 5 prominent, not joined to anterolateral process
#> 6 prominent, not joined to anterolateral process
#> 7 prominent, not joined to anterolateral process
#> 8 reduced
#> 9 reduced
#> 10 reduced
#> 11 reduced
#> 12 reduced
#> 13 reduced
#> 14 reduced
#> 15 reduced
#> 16 prominent, not joined to anterolateral process
#> 17 prominent, not joined to anterolateral process
#> 18 prominent, not joined to anterolateral process
#> 19 prominent, joined to anterolateral process
#> 20 prominent, joined to anterolateral process
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 <NA>
#> Precaudal vertebrae, species mean number Premaxilla width
#> 1 17.2-18.5 broad
#> 2 17.2-18.5 broad
#> 3 <17.1 intermediate
#> 4 <17.1 intermediate
#> 5 <17.1 intermediate
#> 6 17.2-18.5 broad
#> 7 17.2-18.5 broad
#> 8 17.2-18.5 narrow
#> 9 >20.5 narrow
#> 10 17.2-18.5 narrow
#> 11 19.6-20.5 narrow
#> 12 17.2-18.5 narrow
#> 13 18.6-19.5 narrow
#> 14 18.6-19.5 narrow
#> 15 19.6-20.5 narrow
#> 16 17.2-18.5 narrow
#> 17 <17.1 narrow
#> 18 <17.1 narrow
#> 19 <17.1 narrow
#> 20 >20.5 intermediate
#> 21 17.2-18.5 <NA>
#> 22 <17.1 <NA>
#> Premaxillary teeth-size and number
#> 1 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 2 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 3 some large teeth, few. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0
#> 4 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 5 mostly large teeth, few. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,1
#> 6 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 7 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 8 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 9 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 10 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 11 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 12 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 13 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 14 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 15 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 16 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 17 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 18 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 19 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 20 small, numerous. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,1,0,0
#> 21 intermediate in size and number. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0
#> 22 very weak, few to absent. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0
#> Process on hyomandibular for adductor hyomandibularis muscle
#> 1 low, rounded
#> 2 low, rounded
#> 3 high, angular
#> 4 low, rounded
#> 5 very high, angular
#> 6 low, rounded
#> 7 low, rounded
#> 8 low, rounded
#> 9 low, rounded
#> 10 low, rounded
#> 11 low, rounded
#> 12 low, rounded
#> 13 low, rounded
#> 14 low, rounded
#> 15 low, rounded
#> 16 low, rounded
#> 17 low, rounded
#> 18 low, rounded
#> 19 absent
#> 20 low, rounded
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 low, rounded
#> Prootic-basioccipital joint Prootic-exoccipital joint
#> 1 mostly synchondral few sutures
#> 2 mostly synchondral few sutures
#> 3 mostly synchondral few sutures
#> 4 mostly synchondral few sutures
#> 5 mostly synchondral few sutures
#> 6 mostly synchondral few sutures
#> 7 mostly synchondral few sutures
#> 8 mostly sutural many sutures
#> 9 mostly sutural many sutures
#> 10 mostly sutural many sutures
#> 11 mostly sutural many sutures
#> 12 mostly sutural many sutures
#> 13 mostly sutural many sutures
#> 14 mostly sutural many sutures
#> 15 mostly sutural many sutures
#> 16 mostly synchondral synchondral
#> 17 mostly synchondral synchondral
#> 18 mostly synchondral synchondral
#> 19 mostly synchondral synchondral
#> 20 mostly synchondral few sutures
#> 21 <NA> <NA>
#> 22 mostly synchondral synchondral
#> Pterosphenoid-prootic joint Pterotic surface Pterotic wing shape
#> 1 short to absent smooth angular
#> 2 short to absent smooth angular
#> 3 short to absent deep pits angular
#> 4 short to absent few shallow pits angular
#> 5 short to absent deep pits angular
#> 6 short to absent smooth angular
#> 7 short to absent smooth angular
#> 8 short to absent smooth angular
#> 9 short to absent smooth angular
#> 10 short to absent smooth angular
#> 11 short to absent smooth angular
#> 12 short to absent smooth angular
#> 13 short to absent smooth angular
#> 14 short to absent smooth angular
#> 15 short to absent smooth angular
#> 16 short to absent smooth rounded
#> 17 short to absent smooth rounded
#> 18 short to absent smooth rounded
#> 19 short to absent smooth rounded
#> 20 broadly sutured smooth angular
#> 21 <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 22 short to absent smooth angular
#> Quadrate-metapterygoid joint composition
#> 1 mostly sutural
#> 2 mostly sutural
#> 3 mostly sutural
#> 4 mostly sutural
#> 5 mostly sutural
#> 6 mostly sutural
#> 7 mostly sutural
#> 8 mostly synchondral
#> 9 mostly synchondral
#> 10 mostly synchondral
#> 11 mostly synchondral
#> 12 mostly synchondral
#> 13 mostly synchondral
#> 14 mostly synchondral
#> 15 mostly synchondral
#> 16 mostly sutural
#> 17 mostly sutural
#> 18 mostly sutural
#> 19 mostly synchondral
#> 20 mostly sutural
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 mostly synchondral
#> Quadrate-metapterygoid joint length
#> 1 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 2 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 3 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 4 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 5 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 6 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 7 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 8 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 9 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 10 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 11 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 12 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 13 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 14 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 15 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 16 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 17 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 18 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 19 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 20 about twice as long as quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 about equal to quadrate-hyomandibular joint
#> Sagittal crests on skull roof
#> 1 narrow, sharp or rounded crest without sculptured surface
#> 2 broad with sculptured surface restricted to supraoccipital process base, and rounded margins near fronto-supraocctpltal suture
#> 3 broad with sculptured surface restricted to supraoccipital process base, and rounded margins near fronto-supraocctpltal suture
#> 4 narrow, sharp or rounded crest without sculptured surface
#> 5 broad with sculptured surface restricted to supraoccipital process base, and rounded margins near fronto-supraocctpltal suture
#> 6 narrow, sharp or rounded crest without sculptured surface
#> 7 broad with sculptured surface restricted to supraoccipital process base, and rounded margins near fronto-supraocctpltal suture
#> 8 broad with sculptured surface restricted to supraoccipital, and rounded margins near fronto-supraoccipital suture
#> 9 broad with sculptured surface, and angular margins
#> 10 broad with sculptured surface restricted to supraoccipital, and rounded margins near fronto-supraoccipital suture
#> 11 broad with sculptured surface, and angular margins
#> 12 broad with sculptured surface restricted to supraoccipital process base, and rounded margins near fronto-supraocctpltal suture
#> 13 broad with sculptured surface restricted to supraoccipital, and rounded margins near fronto-supraoccipital suture
#> 14 broad with sculptured surface restricted to supraoccipital, and rounded margins near fronto-supraoccipital suture
#> 15 broad with sculptured surface restricted to supraoccipital, and rounded margins near fronto-supraoccipital suture
#> 16 narrow, sharp or rounded crest without sculptured surface
#> 17 narrow, sharp or rounded crest without sculptured surface
#> 18 narrow, sharp or rounded crest without sculptured surface
#> 19 narrow, sharp or rounded crest without sculptured surface
#> 20 broad with sculptured surface, and angular margins
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 narrow, sharp or rounded crest without sculptured surface
#> Scar on hyomandibular for A3 bundle of jaw adductor musculature
#> 1 present
#> 2 present
#> 3 present
#> 4 present
#> 5 present
#> 6 present
#> 7 present
#> 8 present
#> 9 absent
#> 10 present
#> 11 absent
#> 12 present
#> 13 present
#> 14 present
#> 15 present
#> 16 present
#> 17 present
#> 18 present
#> 19 present
#> 20 present
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 absent
#> Scar on opercle for levator operculi muscle
#> 1 very flat
#> 2 crest
#> 3 crest
#> 4 crest
#> 5 crest
#> 6 very flat
#> 7 crest
#> 8 moderately flattened
#> 9 moderately flattened
#> 10 moderately flattened
#> 11 crest
#> 12 moderately flattened
#> 13 moderately flattened
#> 14 moderately flattened
#> 15 moderately flattened
#> 16 moderately flattened
#> 17 moderately flattened
#> 18 moderately flattened
#> 19 very flat
#> 20 very flat
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 crest
#> Sculpturing pattern of supraoccipital crests
#> 1 moderately coarse ridges, pits, if present, small and shallow. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,1,0,0,0,0,0
#> 2 coarse, occasionally reticulating ridges, separated by both grooves and small pits. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0,0,0
#> 3 coarse ridges and usually many deep pits. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0,0,0
#> 4 moderately coarse ridges, pits, if present, small and shallow. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,1,0,0,0,0,0
#> 5 coarse ridges and usually many deep pits. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0,0,0
#> 6 moderately coarse ridges, pits, if present, small and shallow. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,1,0,0,0,0,0
#> 7 coarse, occasionally reticulating ridges, separated by both grooves and small pits. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0,0,0
#> 8 very coarse ridges separated by deep grooves. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,1,1,0,0
#> 9 fine ridges and grooves, no pits. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,1,0,0,1
#> 10 as preceding state in young but ornamentation becoming obsolete in adults. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,1,1,1,0
#> 11 fine ridges and grooves, no pits. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,1,0,0,1
#> 12 as preceding state in young but ornamentation becoming obsolete in adults. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,1,1,1,0
#> 13 very coarse ridges separated by deep grooves. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,1,1,0,0
#> 14 very coarse ridges separated by deep grooves. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,1,1,0,0
#> 15 very coarse ridges separated by deep grooves. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,1,1,0,0
#> 16 weakly developed ridges or no ornamentation. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0,0
#> 17 weakly developed ridges or no ornamentation. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0,0
#> 18 weakly developed ridges or no ornamentation. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0,0
#> 19 weakly developed ridges or no ornamentation. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0,0
#> 20 fine ridges and grooves, no pits. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,1,0,0,1
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 weakly developed ridges or no ornamentation. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0,0
#> Secondary keel on coracoid below scapular foramen
#> 1 high, elongate
#> 2 low, short
#> 3 absent
#> 4 low, short
#> 5 absent
#> 6 low, short
#> 7 low, short
#> 8 low, short
#> 9 low, short
#> 10 low, short
#> 11 low, short
#> 12 low, short
#> 13 low, short
#> 14 low, short
#> 15 low, short
#> 16 low, short
#> 17 low, short
#> 18 low, short
#> 19 low, short
#> 20 low, short
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 absent
#> Sphenotic process
#> 1 small and pointed
#> 2 small and pointed
#> 3 moderate and convex
#> 4 moderate and convex
#> 5 moderate and convex
#> 6 small and pointed
#> 7 moderate and convex
#> 8 absent
#> 9 absent
#> 10 absent
#> 11 absent
#> 12 absent
#> 13 absent
#> 14 absent
#> 15 absent
#> 16 small and pointed
#> 17 small and pointed
#> 18 small and pointed
#> 19 small and pointed
#> 20 sphenotic process large and angular
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 <NA>
#> Spine base condyles on second dorsal-fin pterygiophore
#> 1 slightly concave
#> 2 horizontal
#> 3 horizontal
#> 4 horizontal
#> 5 horizontal
#> 6 slightly concave
#> 7 horizontal
#> 8 horizontal
#> 9 horizontal
#> 10 horizontal
#> 11 horizontal
#> 12 horizontal
#> 13 horizontal
#> 14 horizontal
#> 15 horizontal
#> 16 distinctly concave
#> 17 distinctly concave
#> 18 distinctly concave
#> 19 <NA>
#> 20 distinctly concave
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 horizontal
#> Subpterotic process of supracleithrum Superficial ophthalmic nerve foramen
#> 1 large, subtending pterotic small
#> 2 large, subtending pterotic small
#> 3 large, subtending pterotic intermediate
#> 4 large, subtending pterotic intermediate
#> 5 large, subtending pterotic intermediate
#> 6 large, subtending pterotic small
#> 7 large, subtending pterotic small
#> 8 large, subtending pterotic small
#> 9 large, subtending pterotic large
#> 10 large, subtending pterotic small
#> 11 large, subtending pterotic large
#> 12 large, subtending pterotic small
#> 13 large, subtending pterotic small
#> 14 large, subtending pterotic small
#> 15 large, subtending pterotic small
#> 16 small, not contacting pterotic large
#> 17 small, not contacting pterotic large
#> 18 small, not contacting pterotic large
#> 19 small, not contacting pterotic small
#> 20 large, subtending pterotic small
#> 21 <NA> <NA>
#> 22 small, not contacting pterotic small
#> Supraoccipital process and associated supraneural
#> 1 supraoccipital process tapering, narrow , sharply pointed posteriorly, not contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0
#> 2 supraoccipital process tapering, narrow , sharply pointed posteriorly, not contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0
#> 3 supraoccipital process tapering, narrow , sharply pointed posteriorly, not contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0
#> 4 supraoccipital process tapering, very narrow, sharply pointed, and very short, supraneural with reduced nuchal plate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,1,0,0
#> 5 supraoccipital process tapering, narrow , sharply pointed posteriorly, not contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0
#> 6 supraoccipital process tapering, very narrow, sharply pointed, and very short, supraneural with reduced nuchal plate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,1,0,0
#> 7 supraoccipital process tapering, narrow , sharply pointed posteriorly, not contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0
#> 8 supraoccipital process tapering, broad, bifid posteriorly, and contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0,0
#> 9 supraoccipital process tapering, narrow , sharply pointed posteriorly, not contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0
#> 10 supraoccipital process tapering, broad, rounded to shallowly notched posteriorly, close to but not contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,1,0,0,0,0
#> 11 supraoccipital process nearly parallel-sided, narrowed, bifid posteriorly, and very long, contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0,0,0,0
#> 12 supraoccipital process tapering, broad, rounded to shallowly notched posteriorly, close to but not contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,1,0,0,0,0
#> 13 supraoccipital process tapering, broad, rounded to shallowly notched posteriorly, close to but not contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,1,0,0,0,0
#> 14 supraoccipital process tapering, broad, rounded to shallowly notched posteriorly, close to but not contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,1,0,0,0,0
#> 15 supraoccipital process tapering, broad, bifid posteriorly, and contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0,0,0,0
#> 16 supraoccipital process tapering, very narrow, very short, and supraneural absent. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,1,1
#> 17 supraoccipital process tapering, very narrow, very short, and supraneural absent. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,1,1
#> 18 supraoccipital process tapering, very narrow, very short, and supraneural absent. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,1,1
#> 19 supraoccipital process tapering, very narrow, very short, and supraneural absent. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,1,1
#> 20 supraoccipital process tapering, very narrow, blade-like posteriorly, long, and supraneural absent. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,1,0
#> 21 supraoccipital process tapering, very narrow, blade-like posteriorly, long, and supraneural absent. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,1,0
#> 22 supraoccipital process tapering, narrow , sharply pointed posteriorly, not contacting large supraneural. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1,0,0,0
#> Suprapreopercle Symplectic canal
#> 1 double in preopercle only
#> 2 double in preopercle only
#> 3 double in preopercle only
#> 4 double in preopercle only
#> 5 double in preopercle only
#> 6 double in preopercle only
#> 7 double in preopercle only
#> 8 modally single in preopercle only
#> 9 modally single in preopercle only
#> 10 modally single in preopercle only
#> 11 modally single in preopercle only
#> 12 modally single in preopercle only
#> 13 modally single in preopercle only
#> 14 modally single in preopercle only
#> 15 modally single in preopercle only
#> 16 double in preopercle only
#> 17 double in preopercle only
#> 18 double in preopercle only
#> 19 absent in preopercle only
#> 20 double between preopercle and quadrate
#> 21 <NA> <NA>
#> 22 absent in preopercle only
#> Transcapular ligament
#> 1 completely ossified
#> 2 completely ossified
#> 3 completely ossified
#> 4 completely ossified
#> 5 completely ossified
#> 6 completely ossified
#> 7 completely ossified
#> 8 completely ossified
#> 9 completely ossified
#> 10 completely ossified
#> 11 completely ossified
#> 12 completely ossified
#> 13 completely ossified
#> 14 completely ossified
#> 15 completely ossified
#> 16 not ossified at junction with skull
#> 17 not ossified at junction with skull
#> 18 not ossified at junction with skull
#> 19 not ossified at junction with skull
#> 20 not ossified at junction with skull
#> 21 not ossified at junction with skull
#> 22 not ossified at junction with skull
#> Transverse occipital crests
#> 1 crests tilted obliquely backward, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 2 crests tilted obliquely backward, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 3 crests usually vertical, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 4 crests tilted obliquely backward, expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 5 crests usually vertical, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 6 crests tilted obliquely backward, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 7 crests tilted obliquely backward, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 8 crests tilted obliquely backward, expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 9 crests tilted obliquely backward, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 10 crests tilted obliquely backward, expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 11 crests tilted obliquely backward, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 12 crests tilted obliquely backward, expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 13 crests tilted obliquely backward, expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 14 crests tilted obliquely backward, expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 15 crests tilted obliquely backward, expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 16 crests tilted obliquely forward, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 17 crests tilted obliquely forward, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 18 crests tilted obliquely forward, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 19 crests tilted obliquely forward, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> 20 <NA>
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 crests tilted obliquely backward, not expanded onto supraoccipital process
#> Upper limb of preopercle
#> 1 extends dorsal to level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 2 truncated at level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 3 truncated at level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 4 truncated at level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 5 truncated at level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 6 extends dorsal to level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 7 truncated at level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 8 extends dorsal to level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 9 extends dorsal to level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 10 extends dorsal to level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 11 extends dorsal to level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 12 extends dorsal to level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 13 extends dorsal to level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 14 extends dorsal to level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 15 extends dorsal to level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 16 truncated at level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 17 truncated at level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 18 truncated at level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 19 truncated at level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 20 truncated at level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 truncated at level of adductor crest on hyomandibular
#> Urohyal shape
#> 1 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, very broad. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0
#> 2 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 3 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 4 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 5 vertical lamina longer than horizontal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,1,0
#> 6 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, very broad. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0
#> 7 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 8 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 9 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 10 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 11 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 12 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 13 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 14 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 15 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,0
#> 16 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, very broad. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0
#> 17 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, very broad. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0
#> 18 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, very broad. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0
#> 19 horizontal lamina with truncated corners, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1
#> 20 horizontal lamina with truncated corners, breadth moderate. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 0,0,1
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 vertical and horizontal laminae subequal, very broad. In the original matrix this character was coded in additive binary format: 1,0,0
#> Ventral keel of coracoid Ventral ridges on first centrum
#> 1 short, less than half distance to midline prominent
#> 2 short, less than half distance to midline prominent
#> 3 short, less than half distance to midline prominent
#> 4 short, less than half distance to midline prominent
#> 5 short, less than half distance to midline prominent
#> 6 short, less than half distance to midline prominent
#> 7 short, less than half distance to midline prominent
#> 8 long, nearly reaches midline prominent
#> 9 intermediate, about half way to midline prominent
#> 10 intermediate, about half way to midline prominent
#> 11 long, nearly reaches midline prominent
#> 12 intermediate, about half way to midline prominent
#> 13 long, nearly reaches midline prominent
#> 14 intermediate, about half way to midline prominent
#> 15 long, nearly reaches midline prominent
#> 16 short, less than half distance to midline prominent
#> 17 short, less than half distance to midline prominent
#> 18 short, less than half distance to midline prominent
#> 19 short, less than half distance to midline weakly developed
#> 20 short, less than half distance to midline weakly developed
#> 21 <NA> <NA>
#> 22 short, less than half distance to midline weakly developed
#> Vertical lamina between third and fourth neural spines
#> 1 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 2 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 3 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 4 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 5 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 6 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 7 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 8 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 9 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 10 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 11 high with concave dorsal edge
#> 12 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 13 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 14 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 15 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 16 absent or scarcely developed
#> 17 absent or scarcely developed
#> 18 low with concave dorsal edge
#> 19 absent or scarcely developed
#> 20 high with straight dorsal edge
#> 21 <NA>
#> 22 absent or scarcely developed
#> Vertical wing of frontal Width of mesethmoid neck
#> 1 deep broad
#> 2 deep broad
#> 3 deep broad
#> 4 deep broad
#> 5 deep intermediate
#> 6 deep broad
#> 7 deep intermediate
#> 8 deep narrow
#> 9 deep intermediate
#> 10 deep narrow
#> 11 deep intermediate
#> 12 deep narrow
#> 13 deep narrow
#> 14 deep narrow
#> 15 deep narrow
#> 16 shallow intermediate
#> 17 shallow intermediate
#> 18 shallow narrow
#> 19 shallow intermediate
#> 20 shallow broad
#> 21 <NA> intermediate
#> 22 shallow narrow
#> Width of snout across mesethmoid cornua
#> 1 very broad
#> 2 very broad
#> 3 broad
#> 4 broad
#> 5 narrow
#> 6 very broad
#> 7 broad
#> 8 very narrow
#> 9 narrow
#> 10 narrow
#> 11 narrow
#> 12 very narrow
#> 13 very narrow
#> 14 very narrow
#> 15 very narrow
#> 16 narrow
#> 17 narrow
#> 18 very narrow
#> 19 narrow
#> 20 very broad
#> 21 very broad
#> 22 very broad